Where steam performs well
Research found high mortality on exposed mattresses, under fabric and in accessible cracks when equipment and technique were appropriate.
Slow, controlled passes can treat seams, bed-frame joints and suitable upholstered surfaces.
Where steam can miss
Impermeable covers, deep insulation and inaccessible voids can prevent adequate heat reaching the insect. Moving the nozzle too quickly or holding it too far away reduces delivery.
Forceful airflow can also scatter insects if the equipment or attachment is unsuitable.
Use it as one component
Steam has no residual effect. Pair targeted work with inspection, physical removal, encasement or isolation where appropriate, authorised residual placements when selected, and monitoring.
Sources and further checks
Open the source before acting on information that may change, including council services, prices, tenancy rules and product labels.